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Elements and Performance Criteria

1. Research and identify the range of basic scientific principles and techniques relevant to aeronautical engineering
   • Research and report on the basic scientific principles relating to aeronautical engineering from appropriate sources of information and examination of applications
   • Identify the basic aeronautical techniques and associated technologies, software and hardware required to implement scientific principles relating to aeronautical engineering situations
2. Select basic aeronautical scientific principles and techniques relevant to particular aeronautical engineering applications
   • Select the relevant basic aeronautical scientific techniques and principles for particular aeronautical engineering situations
   • Select the relevant basic aeronautical techniques and associated technologies, software and hardware for particular aeronautical engineering situations
3. Apply the relevant basic aeronautical scientific principles and techniques appropriately
   • Apply the basic aeronautical scientific principles in a consistent and appropriate manner to obtain any required solution
   • Use appropriate calculations and coherent units in the solution of engineering calculations
   • Use significant figures in engineering calculations
   • Apply the basic aeronautical techniques and associated technologies, software and hardware in a consistent and appropriate manner to obtain required solutions
4. Quote the results of the application of the basic aeronautical scientific principles and basic techniques correctly
   • Quote the solution for applications involving engineering calculations in an appropriate style
   • Quote the solution for applications not involving engineering calculations in an appropriate style

Range Statement

This field allows for different work environments and conditions that may affect performance. Essential operating conditions that may be present (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) are included.
Sources of information include:	Reference texts Manufacturer catalogues and industry magazines International aerospace organisation publications Websites Use of phone, email and fax information gathering
Aeronautical engineering refers to:	The engineering discipline concerned with the conceptual development, research, design, manufacture, implementation, installation, commissioning and maintenance of aerospace mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, fuel and fire products, processes, systems or services for civil and military applications
Relevant basic aeronautical scientific techniques and principles involves:	The application of appropriate basic techniques (see below) supported by mathematical skills and introductory knowledge of scientific principles to design, manufacturing, commissioning and maintenance related tasks and projects relating to: metal and composite structure aerodynamic loads stability, control and performance mechanical systems and related components hydraulic systems and related components pneumatic systems and related components air cycle air conditioning and pressurisation systems and related components power plant systems and components the application and interfacing of electrical and electronic system control The applications may require the use of one or two basic aeronautical scientific principles together with a fundamental mathematical calculation leading to process, resources and system choices from a limited range of options Basic techniques include: basic hand and power tool operations machining fitting welding moulding fabricating wiring programming techniques

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Performance Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria under the specified conditions of assessment, and must include:

selecting appropriate basic aeronautical scientific principles to suit specific applications

selecting appropriate basic aeronautical techniques and associated technologies, software and hardware to suit specific applications

applying basic aeronautical scientific principles to particular engineering situations

applying and manipulate appropriate formulas for applications involving engineering calculations

applying appropriate calculations to engineering situations

checking the validity of equations in using dimensional analysis

applying basic aeronautical techniques and associated technologies, software and hardware in a manner appropriate to the application and identified scientific principles

referring solutions to the original aim of the application

quoting solutions in appropriate units, using appropriate significant figures

quoting limitations of solutions, due to assumptions, scientific principles and techniques used

presenting solutions referring to the original aim of the application.

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Knowledge Evidence

Evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit must be relevant to and satisfy all of the requirements of the elements and performance criteria and include knowledge of:

basic aeronautical scientific principles, including:

statics, including analysis and application of:

forces and moments of forces

systems of concurrent and non-concurrent forces

dry sliding friction

dynamics, including analysis and application of:

Newton’s Laws

kinematics and kinetics of uniformly accelerated linear motion

kinematics and kinetics of uniformly accelerated rotation

curvilinear motion and centrifugal force

work, energy, power and torque

mechanical advantage and efficiency

strength of materials:

axial tension and compression

direct shear

bolted, riveted, bonded and welded connections

shear in beams

bending stresses and bending deflections (by standard formulas only)

torsion

aerodynamics:

Bernoulli’s Theorem

the atmosphere

aerodynamic forces (lift, drag, weight and thrust)

stability and control (to a level not requiring the application of calculus)

airscrews and propulsion (to a level not requiring the application of calculus)

aircraft performance (to a level not requiring the application of calculus)

fluid mechanics:

properties of fluids, including mineral and synthetic hydraulic fluids

fluid statics, Archimedes’ Principle and Pascal’s Principle

fluid flow – continuity and energy conservation

fluid power – pumps

thermodynamics:

heat transfer principles (conduction, convection and radiation)

perfect gas laws

kinetic theory of gases

laws of thermodynamics

control concepts including closed and open loop control

electricity and electronics:

basic electrical concepts

Ohm’s Law

Kirchhoff’s Current and Voltage Laws

basic DC circuits

basic power supply, transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator

PLC concepts – I/O, timing, counting, programming

electronic devices (discrete) – resistors, diodes, capacitors, inductors, transistors and rectifiers

microprocessor concepts

light, sound and vibration:

wave behavior – standing vs travelling waves, transverse and longitudinal

light – reflection, absorption, refraction, diffraction, spectrum, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, transmission medium and engineering applications

sound – pitch, frequency, intensity (power), decibel scale, ‘noise dose’, spectrum, infrasound, audible, ultrasound, speed, natural frequency, resonance, transmission medium and engineering applications

vibration – sources, balancing, shaft alignment, measurement, damping and engineering applications

basic aeronautical techniques and related technologies, software and hardware associated with implementing scientific principles in aeronautical engineering solutions

the applicability and limitations of basic aeronautical scientific principles

the applicability and limitations of basic aeronautical techniques and associated technologies, software and hardware

appropriateness of calculations

fundamental and derived quantities

common systems of units

the procedure for converting between systems of units

common prefixes used with units and their values

the procedure for carrying out dimensional analysis

the concept of significant figures

the uncertainty of computations based on experimental data

the procedures for determining the significance of figures in calculations

the procedures for estimating errors in derived quantities.

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